Obesity is a significant health concern worldwide, resulting in several diseases and increased mortality. Lifestyle changes and traditional weight loss methods like diet, exercise and behavioral therapy have shown results. However, the magnitude of weight loss achieved through these interventions is difficult to maintain in the long run. This has necessitated the need and growing demand for pharmacological options that can help reduce weight without any adverse effects.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has emerged as an anti-obesity medication for long-term weight management. Previously used for treating hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, various studies have proved that semaglutide is effective for weight loss in obese patients, leading to its approval as chronic weight management treatment.
In this blog, we will analyze the long-term efficacy and safety of semaglutide for obesity and explore clinical trial data and outcomes of the research.
What Is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for treating type 2 diabetes. It mimics the GLP -1 hormone and increases the insulin level in the body, thereby decreasing blood sugar and slowing down digestion.
The working mechanism of semaglutide not only helps in improving glycemic control in diabetic patients but also helps in reducing weight, making it a valuable tool to manage obesity.
Clinical Evidence on the Long-Term Efficacy of Semaglutide
A number of clinical trials have proved the efficacy of semaglutide in treating obesity. The STEP, i.e. Semaglutide treatment effects in people with obesity, is the most notable program that has been instrumental in determining the long-term efficacy of semaglutide for weight loss. The STEP trial is a series of random, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted to analyze the weight loss effects of semaglutide.
1. STEP 1 Trial
Random participants with obesity and without diabetes received a 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide versus placebo and were followed up for at least 68 weeks. The study showed a change in the relative body weight from baseline to longest follow-up. The participants experienced an average weight loss of 14.9% compared to 2.4% in the placebo group. In addition, an improvement was also found in cardiometabolic risk factors like reduction in waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid levels.
2. STEP 2 Trial
This trial was conducted on patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The outcome of the trial again proved the efficacy of semaglutide. The participants on semaglutide reduced their weight by 9.6% compared to 3.4% in the placebo group in 68 weeks. Through this trail, the dual benefits of semaglutide came to light. It was found that semaglutide is beneficial in managing both obesity and diabetes.
3. STEP 3 Trial
The STEP 3 trial was conducted to examine the combined effects of semaglutide and intensive behavioural therapy (IBT). It provided valuable insights into how semaglutide and IBT can work in combination to drive maximum weight loss results.
5. STEP 4 Trial
This was an extension trial that was conducted to examine the sustainability of weight loss with continuous semaglutide treatment. After a 20-week run-in period, it was found that the participants who continued semaglutide therapy for an additional 48 weeks consistently maintained a mean weight loss of 16.9%. On the other hand, the participants who moved to placebo regained a significant amount of lost weight.
Long-Term Safety Profile of Semaglutide Treatment
Significant data has been found to support the fact that semaglutide is a safe and effective treatment for chronic weight management. You may experience mild to moderate side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. These side effects are short-term and will go away once your body adapts to the medication.
Cardiovascular Safety
The SUSTAIN 6 trial, which was conducted on participants with type 2 diabetes proved that semaglutide is effective in minimizing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 26% compared to placebo.
Renal Function
Research demonstrates that semaglutide does not affect the renal functions. Instead, it has been found that semaglutide has positive effects on kidneys due to improved glycemic control and weight reduction.
Pancreases Concerns
Although GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, have raised concerns about the increased risk of pancreatitis and gallbladder diseases, the risk is relatively low.
Thyroid Health
GLP-1 receptor agonists have been associated with the increased risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma, but it has not been scientifically proven. However, if you have a past medical history of MTC, you must avoid using semaglutide.
Bone Health
Long-term weight loss is often considered a reason for reduced bone density and increased fractures. Some studies reveal that minor changes in bone density are bound to occur, but the risk of fractures is quite low.
Metabolic Benefits
One of the best and most significant benefits of semaglutide is the ability to lose weight and sustain it for a longer period. Patients who use semaglutide treatment in continuity experience improved metabolic health. This sustained weight loss minimizes the risk of health complications caused due to obesity, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Quality of Life
Participants in clinical trials have witnessed improvement in their quality of life due to semaglutide, including increased physical health, better social interactions, improved psychological well-being and sustainable lifestyle changes.
Achieve Long-Term Weight Loss with Semaglutide Treatment
Semaglutide is a promising and safe treatment option for long-term weight management. Where traditional methods fail to deliver desired results, semaglutide helps reduce weight, control glucose, and promote healthier eating habits.
Unlike diet plans or exercises that result in short-term weight loss, semaglutide has proved its ability to achieve improved and sustained weight loss outcomes. However, you can gain maximum benefits by combining it with healthier lifestyle choices like a healthful diet, regular physical activity and behavioural therapy.
Are you considering semaglutide for weight loss? If yes, then you must consult a healthcare provider to get a better understanding of its benefits and risks and determine whether it’s the right option for you. They can offer expert advice on its suitability for your individual needs. With the right guidance, you can ensure a safe and effective path to achieving your weight management goals.
